What does the word "photosynthesis" mean in Greek? light putting together What are the inputs of photosynthesis? carbon dioxide and water What are the outputs of photosynthesis? glucose and oxygen What does the word "glucose" literally mean? sweet sugar What is the chemical formula of glucose? C6H12O6 Which of the products of photosynthesis benefits the plant? glucose Which of the products of photosynthesis is mainly a waste product for the plant? oxygen In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? chloroplast What does the word "chloroplast" mean in Greek? green granule What are the two stages of photosynthesis? light reactions and Calvin cycle Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions occur? thylakoids What molecules absorb light in photosynthesis? chlorophyll and carotenoids How many different types of chlorophyll are there? 2 What two colors of light are most strongly absorbed by chlorophyll? blue and red What color of light is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll? green What color of light is most strongly reflected by carotenoids? yellow What molecule from outside the chloroplast is an input of the light reactions? water What molecules from the Calvin cycle are inputs to the light reactions? ADP, phosphate, and NADP+ What role does NADPH serve in photosynthesis? electron acceptor What is the system of protein complexes that uses energy from light to make ATP and NADPH? electron transport chain Where in the chloroplast is the electron transport chain located? thylakoid membrane What protein complexes make up the electron transport chain in chloroplasts? photosystem II, cytochrome, and photosystem I Which comes first in the electron transport chain, photosystem I or photosystem II? photosystem II Which was discovered first, photosystem I or photosystem II? photosystem I Which photosystem splits water into oxygen and hydrogen ions? photosystem II What output molecule from the light reactions is immediately expelled from the chloroplast? oxygen What molecules from the light reactions are inputs to the Calvin cycle? ATP and NADPH What does NADP stand for? nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate What does "thylakoid" mean in Greek? sacklike What is another name for the Calvin cycle? dark reactions Who discovered the Calvin cycle? Melvin Calvin Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur? stroma What does the word "stroma" mean in Greek? blanket What molecule from outside the chloroplast is an input to the Calvin cycle? carbon dioxide What molecule is the primary output of the Calvin cycle? glucose What molecules from the light reactions are inputs to the Calvin Cycle? ATP and NADPH How many G3P molecules are produced by one turn of the Calvin cycle? 2 What does G3P stand for? glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate How many carbon atoms are in a G3P molecule? 3 How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to create a glucose molecule? 6 What does the word "polymer" mean in Greek? many parts What does the word "monomer" mean in Greek? one part Of what monomers is the starch polymer made up? glucose Of what monomers is the cellulose polymer made up? glucose What are microscopic pores in leaves and stems called? stomata What is the waxy coating on some plant leaves and stems called? cuticle