What is the first stage of cellular respiration? glycolysis What does glycolysis mean in Greek? sweet destruction Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? cytoplasm What molecule is the primary input to glycolysis? glucose What molecule is the primary output of glycolysis? pyruvate How many pyruvates are made from a single glucose in glycolysis? 2 How many net ATP molecules are created in glycolysis? 2 In the cell, what molecules act as catalysts to transform other molecules? enzymes What is the second stage of cellular respiration? Krebs cycle What is another name for the Krebs cycle? citric acid cycle Who discovered the Krebs cycle? Hans Adolf Krebs Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle occur? mitochondrial matrix What molecule is the primary input of the Krebs cycle? pyruvate What is pyruvate transformed into before entering the Krebs cycle proper? acetyl-CoA How many enzyme/metabolite pairs are in the Krebs cycle proper? 9 How many ATPs are made when 2 pyruvates go through the Krebs cycle? 2 What is the third stage of cellular respiration? oxidative phosphorylation What is the system of proteins embedded in the mitochondrial matrix that does oxidative phosphorylation called? electron transport chain What molecule uses hydrogen ions to add a phosphate to ADP to make ATP? ATP synthase What molecule is the primary input of oxidative phosphorylation? NADH What does NAD stand for? nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide What molecule is the primary output of oxidative phosphorylation? ATP How many net ATP molecules are produced in oxidative phosphorylation? 34 Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? inner mitochondrial membrane What does ATP stand for? adenosine triphosphate Of what two subparts is adenosine made? adenine and ribose Of what two subparts is ATP made? adenosine and phosphates What does ADP stand for? adenosine diphosphate What does AMP stand for? adenosine monophosphate What kind of molecules have names that end in "-ose"? sugars What kind of molecules have names that end in "-ase"? enzymes What kind of molecules are enzymes? proteins Do plants do cellular respiration? yes What does "aerobic" mean? with air What does "anaerobic" mean? without air What are the processes of anaerobic respiration sometimes called? fermentation What molecule is the primary input of fermentation? glucose What output molecule of fermentation benefits the cell? ATP What are the two primary types of fermentation? alcoholic and lactic acid What kind of alcohol is produced by alcoholic fermentation? ethanol What two waste products are produced by fermentation by yeast? ethanol and carbon dioxide What waste products are produced by fermentation by bacteria? lactic acid How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose by alcoholic fermentation? 2 How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose by lactic acid fermentation? 2 Does aerobic or anaerobic respiration produce ATP from glucose more efficiently? aerobic