How many hours does one period of the cell cycle last in a typical adult animal cell? 24 When mitosis is used for reproduction, is the reproduction sexual or asexual? asexual When meiosis is used for reproduction, is the reproduction sexual or asexual? sexual What form of cell division is used for sexual reproduction? meiosis What does the word "meiosis" mean in Greek? lessening How many distinct "rounds" of cell division take place in meiosis? 2 In which round of meiosis, I or II, does chromosomal crossover occur? I In which round of meiosis, I or II, does separation of sister chromatids into haploid gametes occur? II Are the offspring of asexual reproduction genetically identical to the parent? yes Are the offspring of sexual reproduction genetically identical to the parent? no What are the only cells in the female body that have undergone meiosis? ova What are the only cells in the male body that have undergone meiosis? sperm Which form of cell division lets multicellular organisms grow larger? mitosis Which form of cell division lets multicellular organisms replace worn-out cells? mitosis What does the Greek word "mitos" mean, as used in the words "mitosis" and "mitochondrion"? thread What are the major stages of the cell cycle? interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis In what stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time? interphase About what percentage of the total cell cycle is spent in interphase? 90 What does the prefix "inter" literally mean? between What are the substages of interphase, in order? G1, S, and G2 What does the letter "G" stand for in the G1 and G2 stages of interphase? gap What does the letter "S" stand for in the S stage of interphase? synthesis What is being synthesized during the "S" stage of interphase? DNA During what stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? interphase In what stage of the cell cycle does a single nucleus split into two? mitosis What are the stages of mitosis, in order? prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase During what phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down? prophase What does the prefix "pro-" mean as used in the word "prophase"? before During what phase of mitosis do chromosomes consense from long DNA strands? prophase What structure in animal cells most resembles an extruded pasta cartwheel? centriole What structure in animal cells is made up of two perpendicular centrioles? centrosome What does the word "centrosome" mean? center body How many centrosomes does a cell have during interphase? 1 What structural components link centrosomes and chromosomes during mitosis? microtubules What structure do linked centrioles, microtubules, and centromeres make? mitotic spindle In the mitotic spindle, what structure connects the microtuble to the centomere? kinetochore What does "kinetochore" mean in Greek? moving string During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle form? prophase What structure links the two sister chromatids in a chromosome? centromere Are centromeres and centrosomes the same thing? no Of what substance are centromeres made? DNA Of what substance are centrosomes made? microtubules What are the two major parts of a condensed chromosome called? sister chromatids What does the word "chromosome" literally mean? colored body Of what substance are chromosomes made? DNA What does the abbreviation "DNA" stand for? deoxyribonucleic acid What does the prefix "meta-" mean as used in the word "metaphase"? adjacent In what phase of mitosis do the centromeres of chromosomes align at the cell's center? metaphase What is the imaginary plane equidistant from the centrosomes of the mitotic spindle called? metaphase plate At the beginning of what stage of mitosis do centromeres break? anaphase During what stage of mitosis do sister chromatids start to move toward opposite ends of the cell? anaphase What structures pull the sister chromatids apart during anaphase? microtubules During what stage of mitosis do two nucleoli and two nuclear membranes re-form? telophase What does the Greek word "telos" mean? end What structure causes the indentation of the animal cell membrane during cytokinesis? contractile ring In cytokinesis, of what substances is the contractile ring made? actin and myosin Aside from the contractile ring in cytokinesis, what tissues in the body also contain actin and myosin fibers? muscle What is cancer? uncontrolled cell growth What causes cancer? accumulated mutations What kind of cell does not obey signals to stop reproducing? cancer What is the name of the woman who died in 1951, but whose cancer cells are still living today? Henrietta Lacks What is a physical substance that causes mutations called? mutagen In what stage of the cell cycle does a single cell split into two? cytokinesis What does the word "cytokinesis" mean in Greek? cell movement What does the word "somatic" mean? body How many individual chromosomes are in a normal somatic cell? 46 What does the word "homologous" mean, as applied to pairs of chromosomes? matching How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are in a diploid cell? 23 How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are in a haploid cell? 0 How many individual chromosomes are in a haploid cell? 23 How many copies of chromosome 21 are in the cells of a typical human? 2 How many copies of chromosome 21 are in the cells of a human with Down Syndrome? 3 How many cells are eventually made from a single progenitor in mitosis? 2 How many cells are eventually made from a single progenitor in meiosis? 4 What does a plant cell undergoing mitosis have that an animal cell would lack? cell plate In mitosis of plant cells, what structure is built along the cell plate? cell wall What does an animal cell undergoing mitosis have that a plant cell would lack? cleavage furrow What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? genetic variability